Generácia Z: Rozdiel medzi revíziami

'''Generácia Z''', či '''Gen Z''', hovorovo aj '''Zoomers''',<ref name="Wordswatching">{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/words-were-watching-zoomer-gen-z|title=Words We're Watching: 'Zoomer'|date=January 13, 2020|website=Merriam-Webster|access-date=January 30, 2020}}</ref><ref name="zoomer Dictionary.com">{{cite web|title=zoomer|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/zoomer/|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> ({{eng|''Post-Millennials'', ''iGeneration'', ''Plurals'', alebo ''Homeland Generation''}}) je [[demografická kohorta]] ktorá nasleduje po [[Generácia Y|Generácii Y]] (''Millennials'') a je predchodcom [[Generácia Alfa|Generácie Alfa]]. Vedci a populárne médiá označujú rozpätie rokov narodenia tejto generácie na začiatok: od polovice do konca 90. rokov 20. storočia po prvé roky po roku 2010. Väčšia časť členov tejto generačnej kohorty sú potomkovia [[Generácia X|Generácie X]],<ref name=":23">{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Alex|date=18 September 2015|title=Move Over, Millennials, Here Comes Generation Z|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/20/fashion/move-over-millennials-here-comes-generation-z.html|access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref> no môžu byť medzi nimi potomkovia [[Generácia Y|Mileniálov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aarp.org/home-family/friends-family/info-2016/technology-and-millennials-children-mq.html|title=The Scoop on Millennials' Offspring – Gen Z|last1=Quigley|first1=Mary|date=7 July 2016|access-date=9 July 2016|publisher=AARP}}</ref>

 

 

Globálne sa dokázalo, že sa priemerný vek nástupu puberty u dievčat v tejto generácii v porovnaní s dvadsiatym storočím výrazne znížil,<ref name=":74">{{Cite journal|last=Weir|first=Kirsten|date=March 2016|title=The risks of earlier puberty|url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/03/puberty|journal=Monitor|publisher=American Psychological Association|volume=47|issue=3|pages=40}}</ref><ref name=":75">{{Cite journal|last=Eckert-Lind|last7=Juul|issue=4|volume=174|publisher=American Medical Association|journal=JAMA Pediatrics|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2760573|title=Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|date=2020|first7=Anders|first6=Elvira V.|first=Camilla|last6=Bräuner|first5=Gary|last5=Butler|first4=Frank M.|last4=Biro|first3=Jørgen H.|last3=Petersen|first2=Alexander S.|last2=Busch|doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881}}</ref> čo má dôsledky na ich blahobyt a budúcnosť.<ref name=":74" /><ref name=":94">{{Cite web|last=Lamothe|first=Cindy|date=June 12, 2018|title=The health risks of maturing early|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180611-the-health-risks-of-girls-maturing-early|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=BBC Future}}</ref><ref name=":95">{{Cite news|last=University Of Southampton|date=December 1, 2005|title=New Research Shows How Evolution Explains Age Of Puberty|work=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051201022811.htm|access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":96">{{Cite journal|last=Hochberg|first=Ze′ev|last2=Konner|first2=Melvin|date=2020|title=Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00918/full|journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology|volume=10|issue=918|doi=10.3389/fendo.2019.00918|doi-access=free}}</ref> U adolescentov a mladých dospelých v tejto generácii sa vo vyššej miere vyskytujú alergie,<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/10/03/the-prevalence-of-peanut-allergy-has-trebled-in-15-years?cid1=cust/dailypicks1/n/bl/n/2019103n/owned/n/n/dailypicks1/n/n/NA/319028/n|title=The prevalence of peanut allergy has trebled in 15 years|last=Graphic Detail|date=October 3, 2019|work=The Economist|access-date=October 3, 2019|department=Daily Chart}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/health/why-everybody-is-suddenly-allergic-to-everything|title=Why everybody is suddenly allergic to everything|date=July 30, 2019|work=National Post|access-date=November 24, 2019|department=Health}}</ref> vyššia precitlivelosť a diagnostikujú sa u nich problémy s duševným zdravím.<ref name=":35" /><ref name=":83" /><ref name=":84">{{Cite news|last=American Psychological Association|date=March 15, 2019|title=Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade|work=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190315110908.htm|access-date=December 31, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":87">{{Cite news|last=Schraer|first=Rachel|date=February 11, 2019|title=Is young people's mental health getting worse?|work=BBC|department=Health|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-47133338|access-date=December 26, 2020}}</ref> Častejšie trpia aj nespavosťou.<ref name=":49" /><ref name=":81">{{Cite journal|last=Kansagra|first=Sujay|date=May 2020|title=Sleep Disorders in Adolescents|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/Supplement_2/S204|journal=Pediatrics|publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics|volume=145|issue=Supplement 2|pages=S204-S209|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-2056I|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":85">{{Cite news|last=University of Rochester|date=January 9, 2020|title=Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers|work=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200109130203.htm|access-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> V mnohých krajinách je u tejto generácii, v porovnaní so staršími, už v mladom veku vyššie pravdepodobnosť sklonu k mentálnym postihnutiam.<ref name=":90">{{Cite journal|last1=Maulik|date=2011|doi=10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018|pages=419–436|issue=2|volume=32|journal=Research in Developmental Disabilities|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891422210003082|title=Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies|first5=Shekhar|first1=Pallab K.|last5=Saxena|first4=Tarun|last4=Dua|first3=Colin D.|last3=Mathers|first2=Maya N.|last2=Mascarenhas|pmid=21236634}}</ref><ref name=":89">{{Cite journal|last=Buckley|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0004867420924101|doi=10.1177/0004867420924101|pages=970-984|issue=10|volume=54|publisher=The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|title=Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis|first=Nicholas|date=May 30, 2020|display-authors=2|first3=Wai|last3=Chen|first2=Emma J.|last2=Glasson|via=}}</ref> V niektorých európskych krajinách je v kognitívnych elitách u tejto generácie pokles kognitívnych schopností, .<ref name=":37" /><ref name=":40">{{Cite journal|last1=Flynn|first1=James R.|last2=Shayer|first2=Michael|date=January–February 2018|title=IQ decline and Piaget: Does the rot start at the top?|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.010|journal=Intelligence|volume=66|pages=112–121|doi=10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.010}}</ref>Na celom svete v porovnaní s predchádzajúcimi generáciami, trávia členovia Generácie Z viac času na svojich elektronických zariadeniach a menej času venujú čítaniu kníh.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oecd-education/education-levels-stagnating-despite-higher-spending-oecd-survey-idUSKBN1Y70Q8|title=Education levels stagnating despite higher spending: OECD survey|last=Thomas|first=Leigh|date=December 3, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=February 5, 2020|department=World News}}</ref><ref name=":47">{{Cite news|last=Ferguson|first=Donna|date=February 29, 2020|title=Children are reading less than ever before, research reveals|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/29/children-reading-less-says-new-research|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":48">{{Cite news|last=Sliwa|first=Jim|date=August 20, 2018|title=Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading|work=American Psychological Association|url=https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/08/teenagers-read-book|access-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref> Ovplyvňuje to ich pokles pozornosti,<ref name=":48" /> ich [[Slovná zásoba|slovnú zásobu]]<ref name=":44">{{Cite news|last=Massey University|date=September 20, 2010|title=Vocabulary on decline due to fewer books|work=Phys.org|department=Social Sciences|url=https://phys.org/news/2010-09-vocabulary-decline-due.html|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":58">{{Cite news|last=Adams|first=Richard|date=April 19, 2018|title=Teachers in UK report growing 'vocabulary deficiency'|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/apr/19/teachers-in-uk-report-growing-vocabulary-deficiency|access-date=November 11, 2020}}</ref> školský prospech,<ref name=":61">{{Cite news|last=Busby|first=Eleanor|date=April 19, 2018|title=Children's grades at risk because they have narrow vocabulary, finds report|work=The Independent|department=Education|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/child-vocabulary-literacy-reading-word-primary-schools-a8311676.html|access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref> ako aj ich budúce postavenie v modernom ekonomickom systéme.<ref name=":13" /> Zároveň ale je u nich celosvetovo, najmä medzi dospievajúcimi dievčatami a mladými ženami, badať módne zanietenie pre čítanie a písanie fanúšikovskej beletrie.<ref name=":762">{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Porter|date=October 25, 2017|title=YA Reading and Writing Trends from Wattpad’s 60 Million Users|work=Publishing Perspectives|url=https://publishingperspectives.com/2017/10/watpad-ya-trends-publishing-insights-millennials/|url-status=live|access-date=December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":772">{{Cite news|last=Clements|first=Mikaella|date=August 8, 2018|title=From Star Trek to Fifty Shades: how fanfiction went mainstream|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/aug/08/fanfiction-fifty-shades-star-trek-harry-potter|url-status=live|access-date=December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":782">{{Cite news|last=Aragon|first=Cecilia|date=December 27, 2019|title=What I learned from studying billions of words of online fan fiction|work=MIT Technology Review|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/27/131111/online-fan-fiction-learning-communities/|url-status=live|access-date=December 29, 2020}}</ref> V Ázii pedagógovia v prvom desaťročí po roku 2000 a po roku 2010 zvyčajne vyhľadávali a vychovávali elitných študentov, zatiaľ čo v [[Západná Európa|západnej Európe]] a v [[Spojené štáty|USA]] sa dôraz kládol aj na ľudí s nižším výkonom..<ref name=":41">{{Cite journal|last=Clynes|first=Tom|date=September 7, 2016|title=How to raise a genius: lessons from a 45-year study of super-smart children|url=https://www.nature.com/news/how-to-raise-a-genius-lessons-from-a-45-year-study-of-super-smart-children-1.20537|journal=Nature|volume=537|issue=7619|pages=152–155|doi=10.1038/537152a|pmid=27604932|s2cid=4459557|doi-access=free}}</ref> Preto sa sústavne dostávali východoázijskí študenti po roku 2010 na popredné miesta v hodnoteniach medzinárodných štandardizovaných testov.<ref name=":68">{{Cite news|last=Chhor|first=Khatya|date=December 8, 2016|title=French students rank last in EU for maths, study finds|work=France24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20161129-french-students-rank-last-europe-eu-maths-science-timss-study|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":71">{{Cite news|last=Alphonso|first=Caroline|date=December 3, 2019|title=Canadian high school students among top performers in reading, according to new international ranking|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadian-high-school-students-among-top-performers-in-reading/|access-date=November 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite news|last=DeSilver|first=Drew|date=February 15, 2017|title=U.S. students' academic achievement still lags that of their peers in many other countries|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/15/u-s-students-internationally-math-science/|access-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":70">{{Cite news|last1=Wai|first1=Jonathan|last2=Makel|first2=Matthew C.|date=September 4, 2015|title=How do academic prodigies spend their time and why does that matter?|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/how-do-academic-prodigies-spend-their-time-and-why-does-that-matter-46594|access-date=December 19, 2020}}</ref>