Členovia kapiel Black Sabbath a Heaven and Hell: Rozdiel medzi revíziami
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Black Sabbath bola anglická heavy metalová skupina z Birminghamu. Vznikla v septembri 1968. Kapelu, ktorá sa v tom čase volala Earth v dobe jej vzniku tvorili: Ozzy Osbourne (spev), Tony Iommi (gitara), Geezer Butler (basová gitara) a hráč na bicie nástroje, Bill Ward. V auguste 1969 si skupina zmenila názoav na Black Sabbath. Až do apríla 1979, kedy zo skupiny vyhodili Ozzyho Osbournea, zostali jej členovia v pôvodnom zložení. Následne sa zloženie jej členov viacnásobne menilo a jedniným stálym hudobníkom v nej po celú dobu existencie zostal Tony Iommi. Originálna zostava kapely sa sa znovu zišla až v roku 2011. Veľmi v krátkom čase po tomto spojení pôvodných členov bubeníka, Billa Warda vystriedal Tommy Clufetos, ktorý s kapelou zostal až do jej skončenia v roku 2017.
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V roku 2006 sa spojila zostava: Ronnie James Dio, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler a Bill Ward, ktoré spolu vystupovala pod názvom Heaven and Hell. Repertoár tejto skupiny tvorili skladby, ktoré kapely Black Sabbath nahrala spolu s Diom. Tento nový názov kapely použili preto, lebo chceli poukázať na rozdiel medzi érou s Osbournem a Diom a aj preto, lebo v tom čase bol rozbehnutý návrh projektu na opätovné spojenie pôvodných členov kapely. V kapele Heaven and Hell bol Ward veľmi rýchlo nahradený Vinnym Appicem. Táto skupina vydala jeden spoločný štúdiový v apríli 2009 album,The Devil You Know. Rok na to, v máji 2010, zomrel spevák Ronnie James Dio na rakovinu žalúdka.
História
1968–1985
Skupina Black Sabbath vznikla v roku 1968. Jej členovia pochádzali z dvoch lokálnych hudobných skupín: gitarista Tony Iommi a a bubeník Bill Ward hrali v kapele Mythology, spevák Ozzy Osbourne a basgitarista Geezer Butler v kapele Rare Breed.[1] Nové zoskupenie si najskôr dalo názov The Polka Tulk Blues Bandv septembri 1968 sa premenovali na Earth a v auguste 1969, potom ako zistili, že kapela s rovnakým názvom už existuje, začali vystupovať ako Black Sabbath.[2] Po siedmich komerčne a aj huodnou kritikou uznávaných albumoch, Osbourne v septembri 1977 náhle od kapely odišiel, aby sa mohol venovať vlastnej sólovej kariére.[3] Nahradil ho spevák Dave Walker, no Osbourne sa v januári nasledujúceho roka do kapely vrátil.[4] Dňa 27. apríla po nahraní ďalšieho albumu, Never Say Die!, bol Osbourne pre extrémne alkoholové a drogové excesy a neochote aktívne spolupracovať na výrobe ďalšieho albumu, z kapely vyhodený.[5]
Osbourneho v júni 1979 kapele nahradil pôvodný spevák kapely Rainbow, Ronnie James Dio.[6] Krátko po jeho príchode kapelu opustil Butler a na jeho miesto prišiel Geoff Nicholls. Nicholls zanedlho prešiel ku klávesovým nástrojom a pri basovej gitare ho nahradil Diov bývalý spoluhráč, Craig Gruber.[7] Nahrávať začal pôvodne Gruber, no Butler sa v novembri ku basgitare vrátil a so skupinou nahral album Heaven and Hell.[8] Ward sa následného koncertného turné nezúčastnil a za bicími nástrojmi ho od 31. augusta 1980 nahradil Vinny Appice.[9] V novembri 1982, po sporoch okolo mixážnych prác na albume Live Evil, Dio a Appice od Black Sabbath odišli a založili skupinu Dio.[10] Vo februári na Diove miesto prišiel spevák Ian Gillan z kapely Deep Purple a k Balck Sabbath sa vrátil Bill Ward.[11]
After recording Born Again, Ward was forced to leave again in the summer of 1983 due to his continuing problems with alcohol abuse. He was replaced for the Born Again Tour by Electric Light Orchestra drummer Bev Bevan.[12] Gillan departed after the tour.[13] He was briefly replaced by former Steeler vocalist Ron Keel, although this was short-lived due to disagreements between the band and their new producer Spencer Proffer, which saw plans for a new album fall through.[14] After Keel, a newly sober Ward returned to the band and they briefly worked with David "Donut" Donato on vocals. However, this also failed to result in a new album or tour dates, Butler left in response to the personnel changes, and the band remained inactive until the following year.[13] Iommi subsequently began working on a planned solo album in early 1985.[13]
1985–1997
For his planned solo album, Iommi began working with bassist Gordon Copley and drummer Eric Singer, then members of Lita Ford's backing band (Iommi's fiancée at the time).[15] After a few months, Copley returned to working with Ford, and Dave Spitz was brought in as his replacement.[16] On 13 July 1985, the original lineup of Black Sabbath reunited for a one-off appearance at Live Aid, performing the songs "Children of the Grave", "Iron Man" and "Paranoid".[17] Iommi then returned to working on his solo album, for which he enlisted former Trapeze and Deep Purple vocalist Glenn Hughes in July.[18] However, after pressure from his American record label Warner Bros. Records, Iommi was forced to credit Seventh Star to "Black Sabbath featuring Tony Iommi" upon its release in January 1986.[19]
Returning on the Seventh Star Tour under the original moniker, the band were forced into another change of vocalist on 26 March 1986, when Hughes suffered an injury in a fight with manager John Downey which left him unable to sing.[20][21] He was replaced by Ray Gillen, who debuted on 29 March.[22] During the production of their next album, The Eternal Idol, the lineup of Black Sabbath changed multiple times – first, Bob Daisley replaced Spitz on 30 September 1986, before leaving on 11 November after completing his bass parts; next, Singer left on 1 January 1987, with his drum parts completed; and finally, Tony Martin replaced Gillen on 1 March.[20] Around the time of Martin's arrival, Bevan also returned to the band.[23] Preparing for shows in July, the band briefly rehearsed with original bassist Butler,[20] although within a few days he had left again and Spitz was brought back in his place.[24] Bevan left after one show, objecting to upcoming dates at Sun City, South Africa, and was replaced for the shows by Terry Chimes.[23]
Šablóna:CSS image crop After the Sun City shows, Spitz left the band again on 15 August 1987; he was later replaced by Jo Burt on 1 October.[24] Burt remained a member early the next year,[25] but had left by the time the band played a charity show on 29 May 1988, at which Nicholls filled in on bass.[24] By August, the band had started work on new album Headless Cross with drummer Cozy Powell and session bassist Laurence Cottle.[26] Butler was slated to return for the subsequent touring cycle, but he ultimately joined Osbourne's solo band and instead Neil Murray was hired in May 1989.[27][28] This lineup remained stable for more than a year, releasing Tyr in 1990 and touring until the end of the year.[29]
After the tour in promotion of Tyr, Butler returned to the band.[30] Despite rumours of an original reunion lineup, it was Dio who took over from Martin on vocals in January 1991.[29] Within a few months, however, Martin was reinstated after Dio and Iommi disagreed over the vocalist's desire to bring back Vinny Appice and reunite the Mob Rules lineup.[30] Dio eventually did return with Appice later in the year, replacing Martin and Cozy Powell respectively, and the lineup released Dehumanizer in 1992.[30] At the end of the resulting tour, however, Dio left after refusing to perform at two shows in November supporting original vocalist Osbourne, who had announced his retirement. Rob Halford, who had recently left Judas Priest, filled in for the dates.[31] After the original lineup reunited onstage at the second show for four songs, plans were set for a full reformation with Osbourne and Ward the next year.[32]
The reunion with Osbourne and Ward ultimately fell through, and in early 1993 the band brought back Martin as frontman.[33] With Appice also gone after the Dehumanizer Tour, the band auditioned drummers and hired Bobby Rondinelli in March.[34] Cross Purposes was released and promoted on a short concert tour in 1994, after which Butler left the band again. Rondinelli was replaced by Ward for the final leg of the tour in South America, but the drummer chose to leave again when Butler departed.[35] Butler and Ward were replaced by returning members Murray and Powell, respectively, marking a reunion of the Tyr lineup.[35] The band toured in promotion of new album Forbidden in 1995, although Powell was replaced by Rondinelli partway through the tour in August.[36] After the conclusion of the tour, Black Sabbath went on hiatus during 1996 as Iommi began work on a new solo album.[36]
1997–2017
In March 1997, the long-awaited reunion of Osbourne, Iommi and Butler was announced for the Ozzfest tour, starting in May.[37] Ward, however, was not invited to join; his place was instead taken by Faith No More drummer Mike Bordin.[38] For a rescheduled show on 1 July, Shannon Larkin of Godsmack took over from Bordin, who was unavailable.[39] Ward eventually returned in November for a pair of shows the following month,[40] which were recorded and released alongside two new studio tracks on Reunion in 1998.[41] A short European tour was scheduled for June 1998, however just before it began Ward suffered a minor heart attack.[42] Appice was brought in to replace him for the shows.[43] Ward returned later in the year, with a tour in support of Reunion taking place in 1999.[44] After another hiatus while members worked on solo projects, Sabbath joined Ozzfest again in 2001, although a later tour was cancelled when Osbourne was ordered by his label Epic Records to complete work on his new album Down to Earth.[45]
After another hiatus, Black Sabbath returned in 2004 with new touring keyboardist Adam Wakeman.[46] Halford reprised his role as substitute vocalist for a show on 26 August, after Osbourne was unable to sing due to bronchitis.[47] More tour dates followed in 2005, including another appearance on the Ozzfest tour,[48] before Iommi began working with Dio in early 2006 on new tracks for an upcoming compilation titled The Dio Years.[49][50] Butler and Ward were initially named as the rhythm section completing the project. At Iommi's behest, the group rebranded themselves as Heaven & Hell to differentiate this incarnation from the Osbourne-fronted Black Sabbath which was then only on a hiatus. Ward, would later decline to be the band's drummer before they recorded, citing musical differences.[51][52] By December, the reunion had evolved into a full reformation of the Mob Rules lineup of the band with Appice taking over Ward's duties (without Nicholls), with the moniker Heaven & Hell adopted accordingly.[53] During this time, the official lineup of Black Sabbath continued to be Osbourne, Iommi, Butler and Ward, as it was assured by representatives of the band that Heaven & Hell was a separate project.[54]
Heaven & Hell released their only studio album, The Devil You Know, and remained active until Dio died of stomach cancer on 16 May 2010.[55] On 11 November 2011, the original lineup announced at a press conference that they would be reuniting for their first studio album since 1978, as well as an accompanying concert tour.[56] However, on 3 February 2012, Ward announced that he would not be joining his bandmates unless he received a "signable contract ... that reflects some dignity and respect toward me as an original member of the band".[57] The drummer confirmed his departure in May, after failing to reach an agreement that suited him.[58] Five days after the announcement, the band played their first live show since 2005 in Birmingham, with Tommy Clufetos – the drummer in Osbourne's solo band – in place of Ward.[59]
Former Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave drummer Brad Wilk was enlisted to perform on new album 13, which was released in June 2013.[60] Clufetos remained for the album's promotional touring cycle.[61] On 3 September 2015, it was announced that the band would embark on a tour dubbed The End throughout 2016 and 2017, which would serve as their "farewell tour".[62] Another studio album was initially announced in 2014, however this was later scrapped.[63] The final studio recordings released by the band were four outtakes from the 13 sessions, which were issued alongside four live recordings on the EP The End in January 2016.[64] The final Black Sabbath show took place on 4 February 2017 at the Genting Arena in Birmingham, which was recorded for The End of the End documentary film and The End: Live in Birmingham album and video release.[65][66] On 7 March 2017, Black Sabbath's disbandment was officially confirmed.[67]
Band members
Official
Touring
| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Release contributions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Mike Bordin | 1997 | drums | none |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Adam Wakeman | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Scott Warren | 2006–2010 | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Tommy Clufetos | 2012–2017 | drums | Šablóna:Hlist |
Other contributors
Session
| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Release contributions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Rick Wakeman | 1973 | Šablóna:Hlist | Sabbath Bloody Sabbath (1973) – "Sabbra Cadabra" only |
| Jezz Woodroffe | 1976 | keyboards | Technical Ecstasy (1976) | |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Don Airey | 1978 | Never Say Die! (1978) | |
| Jon Elstar | harmonica | Never Say Die! (1978) – "Swinging the Chain" only | ||
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Brian May | 1988 | guitar | Headless Cross (1989) – "When Death Calls" only |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Ice-T | 1994 | vocals | Forbidden (1995) – "The Illusion of Power" only |
| Mike Exeter | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist | |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Brad Wilk | 2012 | Šablóna:Hlist | Šablóna:Hlist |
Touring
| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Rob Halford | Šablóna:Hlist | vocals | Halford replaced Dio at two shows in November 1992,[31] and later substituted for Osbourne at one in August 2004.[47] |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Shannon Larkin | 1997 | drums | Larkin substituted for touring drummer Bordin, who was unavailable, at a rescheduled Ozzfest show on 1 July 1997.[39] |
| Šablóna:CSS image crop | Jørn Lande | 2010 | vocals | Lande (and Glenn Hughes) replaced the deceased Dio at the High Voltage Festival in July 2010. |
Časový sled
Lineups
| Period | Members | Releases |
|---|---|---|
| September 1968 – September 1977 |
|
|
| October 1977 – January 1978 |
|
none |
| January 1978 – April 1979 |
|
|
| June – July 1979 |
|
none |
| July – August 1979 |
| |
| August – November 1979 |
| |
| November 1979 – August 1980 |
|
|
| August 1980 – November 1982 |
|
|
| February – summer 1983 |
|
|
| Summer 1983 – March 1984 |
|
none |
| March – April 1984 |
| |
| Summer – late 1984 |
| |
| January – May 1985 |
|
|
| May – July 1985 |
|
none |
| July 1985 – March 1986 |
|
|
| March – September 1986 |
|
none |
| September – November 1986 |
|
|
| November 1986 – January 1987 |
|
none |
| January – March 1987 |
| |
| March – July 1987 |
|
|
| July 1987 |
|
none |
| July 1987 |
| |
| July – August 1987 |
| |
| October 1987 – early 1988 |
| |
| May 1988 |
| |
| August – November 1988 |
|
|
| May 1989 – November 1990 |
|
|
| December 1990 – January 1991 |
|
none |
| January – mid-1991 |
| |
| Mid – late 1991 |
| |
| October 1991 – November 1992 |
|
|
| November 1992 (two shows) |
|
none |
| March 1993 – July 1994 |
|
|
| August – September 1994 |
|
none |
| October 1994 – August 1995 |
|
|
| August – December 1995 |
|
none |
| Band inactive during 1996, with membership unknown | ||
| March – June 1997 |
|
none |
| 1 July 1997 (one show) |
| |
| November 1997 – May 1998 |
|
|
| June 1998 |
|
none |
| Late 1998 – June 2004 |
|
|
| June 2004 – February 2006 |
|
none |
| 26 August 2004 |
| |
| Band becomes inactive and Heaven & Hell takes over | ||
| March – November 2006 |
|
none |
| December 2006 – May 2010 |
|
|
| May – July 2010 |
|
none |
| Heaven & Hell disbands; Black Sabbath inactive | ||
| November 2011 – May 2012 |
|
none |
| May 2012 – March 2017 |
|
|
Bibliography
- KEEL, Ron. Even Keel: Life on the Streets of Rock & Roll. Pennsauken, New Jersey : BookBaby. ISBN 978-1619277939.
- LARKIN, Colin. The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. London, England : Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0857125958.
- MCIVER, Joel. The Complete History of Black Sabbath: What Evil Lurks. New York City, New York : Race Point Publishing. ISBN 978-1631062728.
- POPOFF, Martin. Black Sabbath FAQ: All That's Left to Know on the First Name in Metal. Milwaukee, Wisconsin : Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0879309572.
- STOLZ, Nolan. Experiencing Black Sabbath: A Listener's Companion. Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442256910.
- WADE, Chris. The Music of Black Sabbath. Morrisville, North Carolina : Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1291589955.
References
- ↑ MONGER, James Christopher. Black Sabbath: Biography & History [online]. AllMusic. Dostupné online.
- ↑ GROW, Kory. Black Sabbath on Sixties Origins: 'We Were Rejected Again and Again' [online]. 25 February 2016. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ozzy Osbourne: Beyond Black Sabbath. London, England: IPC Magazines Ltd..
- ↑ GILES, Jeff. Black Sabbath Lineup Changes: A Complete Guide [online]. Ultimate Classic Rock, 25 February 2016. Dostupné online.
- ↑ WIEDERHORN, Jon. 39 Years Ago: Black Sabbath Fire Ozzy Osbourne [online]. Loudwire, 27 April 2017. Dostupné online.
- ↑ The Stories Behind the Splits: Ozzy Osbourne and Black Sabbath [online]. Radio X. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ Popoff 2011
- ↑ Larkin 2011
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ a b c Popoff 2011
- ↑ Keel 2014
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ Wade 2013
- ↑ RIVADAVIA, Eduardo. The Day Black Sabbath Reunited, Briefly, For Live Aid [online]. Ultimate Classic Rock, 13 July 2015. Dostupné online.
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ WIEDERHORN, Jon. 32 Years Ago: Black Sabbath Release 'Seventh Star' [online]. Loudwire, 28 January 2017. Dostupné online.
- ↑ a b c Popoff 2011
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ a b McIver 2016
- ↑ a b c Popoff 2011
- ↑ How Black Was My Sabbath? [online]. London, England: United Newspapers. Dostupné online.
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ Popoff 2011
- ↑ a b McIver 2016
- ↑ a b c Popoff 2011
- ↑ a b SWANSON, Dave. That Time Rob Halford Fronted Black Sabbath For Two Shows [online]. Ultimate Classic Rock, 14 November 2015. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Swedish TV Interview Transcript. . S. 18.
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ Stolz 2017
- ↑ a b Stolz 2017
- ↑ a b Stolz 2017
- ↑ Reunited Black Sabbath, Marilyn Manson To Play Ozz Fest [online]. MTV, 13 March 1997, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ McIver 2016
- ↑ a b OUELLETTE, Mary. Godsmack's Shannon Larkin On Drumming For Black Sabbath: One Of The Best Things That Ever Happened To Me [online]. Loudwire, 5 August 2012, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ozzy Plans Next Ozzfest Outing, Preps For Full Sabbath Reunion [online]. MTV, 17 October 1997, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ DEVENISH, Colin. '98's Best: Black Sabbath See Brighter Days With New Live Album [online]. MTV, 28 December 1998, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Sabbath Drummer's Heart Attack Confirmed [online]. MTV, 26 May 1998, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Black Sabbath Drummer Recovering, Sabbath Live Album Due [online]. MTV, 29 May 1998, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Black Sabbath Soldiers On Despite Odds [online]. 8 January 1999, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ SARACENO, Christina. Sabbath Scrap Disturbed Dates. Rolling Stone, 9 July 2001. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ Black Sabbath: New Keyboardist Revealed [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 12 June 2004, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ a b Ozzy Osbourne Replaced By Rob Halford At Black Sabbath's Camden Gig [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 26 August 2004, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ozzfest 2005: Complete Details Revealed [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 15 March 2005, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ronnie James Dio Collaborating With Tony Iommi On New Black Sabbath Material [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 12 April 2006, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ronnie James Dio To Collaborate With Tony Iommi On New Black Sabbath Project [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 2005-10-23. Dostupné online. Archivované 2007-03-19 z originálu.
- ↑ Bill Ward not participating in Heaven & Hell [online]. Billward.com, 2006-11-26. Dostupné online. Archivované 2007-05-15 z originálu.
- ↑ RUSSELL, Tom. Ward On Quitting Heaven & Hell: I Was Uncomfortable With Some Things Surrounding The Project [online]. Blabbermouth, 20 February 2010, [cit. 2010-02-21]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ It's Official: Dio, Iommi, Butler And Ward To Reunite As Heaven And Hell [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 25 October 2006, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Ozzy Osbourne: Iommi And Dio's New Project Has Nothing To Do With Black Sabbath [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 25 October 2006, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ MONGER, James Christopher. Heaven & Hell: Biography & History [online]. AllMusic. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Veteran rockers Black Sabbath announce reunion [online]. BBC, 12 November 2011, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ MICHAELS, Sean. Black Sabbath's Bill Ward threatens to pull out of reunion. The Guardian, 3 February 2012. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ MICHAELS, Sean. Bill Ward rules himself out of Black Sabbath reunion. The Guardian, 16 May 2012. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ Reunited Black Sabbath play Birmingham gig [online]. BBC, 21 May 2012, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Black Sabbath Announce New Album, '13,' Due Out in June. Rolling Stone, 13 January 2013. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ Black Sabbath Kicks Off World Tour In New Zealand; Setlist Revealed, Video Available [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 20 April 2013, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ GROW, Kory. Black Sabbath Announce Final Tour 'The End'. Rolling Stone, 3 September 2015. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ Ozzy Osbourne: Why There Won't Be Another Black Sabbath Studio Album [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 30 October 2015, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Black Sabbath: Four Previously Unreleased Songs From '13' Sessions To Be Made Available On 'The End' CD [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 14 January 2016, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ REED, Ryan. Black Sabbath Document Final Concert With 'The End of the End' Film. Rolling Stone, 28 June 2017. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].
- ↑ Black Sabbath's 'The End' Due In November On Vinyl, Blu-Ray, DVD, CD With Bonus Live In-Studio Footage [online]. Blabbermouth.net, 5 October 2017, [cit. 2019-01-15]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ KAUFMAN, Gil. Black Sabbath Officially Call It Quits After 49 Years. Billboard, 8 March 2017. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-01-15].