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''<small><u>'Hlaholika'''Hlaholika alebo '''hlaholské písmo''' je dnes už nepoužívané prvé písmo [[Slovania|Slovanov]]. Neskôr sa z nej vyvinula [[cyrilika]] a [[azbuka]]. Tvorilo základ kultúry a vzdelanosti [[Veľká Morava|Veľkej Moravy]] a [[veľkomoravské učilište|veľkomoravského učilišťa]]. Historicky sa potom najdlhšie udržalo v [[Chorvátsko|Chorvátsku]].'''</u></small>''
 
''<small><u>'''Vytvoril ho [[Konštantín Filozof|Cyril]] zo Solúna (sám pápež pri schvaľovaní slovanského písma neskôr explicitne hovorí, že "schvaľujeme písmo vytvorené Konštantínom") okolo roku [[862]] na účely svojej misie na [[Veľká Morava|Veľkej Morave]] ako písmo na zápis [[staroslovienčina|staroslovienčiny]]. Hlaholika je prvý grafický systém slovanských jazykov, ktorý presne odzrkadľuje všetky ich fonetické zvláštnosti. Obsahuje znaky hlások (napr.: Ž, Č , Š, nosovky), ktoré v latinskej a gréckej abecede chýbajú, a preto sú tieto cudzie grafické systémy nevhodné na zapisovanie slovanskej reči. Písmo malo v závislosti od verzie okolo 40 znakov (pôvodná veľkomoravská mala 38 znakov). Vzniklo z 24 [[graféma|grafém]] minuskulnej gréckej abecedy a 14 znakov neznámeho písma (pravdepodobne orientálneho pôvodu t. j. hebrejskej a samaritánskej abecedy). Neskôr mala hlaholika dve verzie: okrúhlu (pôvodnú) a hranatú (neskoršiu). Zaujímavosťou je, že ku každému písmenu bolo priradené číslo, čiže išlo o aj o prvú slovanskú číselnú sústavu. Písmeno pre zvuk „dz“ (= číslo 8) je príkladom písmena utvoreného špeciálne pre nárečia staroslovienčiny používanej na Veľkej Morave, pretože v tom čase vo vlastnej staroslovienčine ([[Macedónia|macedónsky]] dialekt [[Solún]]a) takýto zvuk neexistoval.'''</u></small>''
 
''<small><u>'''Po vyhnaní Metodových žiakov z Veľkej Moravy v roku 885/886 ju na území dnešného Slovenska nahradilo [[latinka|latinské písmo]] a hlaholika sa dostala do [[Chorvátsko|Chorvátska]]<ref>hlaholika. In: {{Citácia knihy
| priezvisko = Mistrík
| meno = Jozef
Riadok 23:
| počet strán = 513
| strany = 169
}}</ref> a [[Bulharsko|Bulharska]], odtiaľ potom dočasne a čiastočne do [[Čechy|Čiech]] a [[Vislansko|Vislanska]] a na dlhšiu dobu (popri cyrilike) do [[Srbsko|Srbska]], [[Rusko|Ruska]] a inde. Od [[10. storočie|10. storočia]] ju začala nahradzovať cyrilika. Na Západe ju nahradila latinka, na Východe cyrilika.'''</u></small>''
 
== ''<small><u>'''Grafémy'''</u></small>'' ==
''<small><u>'''[[Súbor:Glagolica.gif|585x585pixelů586x586px]]'''</u></small>''
 
=== ''<small><u>'''Unicode'''</u></small>'' ===
{| class="wikitable nounderlines"
| style="width:45pt" | ''<small><u>'''&nbsp;'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''0'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''1'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''2'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''3'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''4'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''5'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''6'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''7'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''8'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''9'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''A'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''B'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''C'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''D'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''E'''</u></small>'' || style="width:20pt" | ''<small><u>'''F'''</u></small>''
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C0x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C00: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰰ</br>[a]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C01: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰱ</br>[b]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C02: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰲ</br>[v]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C03: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰳ</br>[g]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C04: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰴ</br>[d]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C05: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰵ</br>[e]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C06: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰶ</br>[ž]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C07: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰷ</br>[dz]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C08: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰸ</br>[z]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C09: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰹ</br>[i]/[j]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0A: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰺ</br>[i]/[j]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0B: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰻ</br>[i]/[j]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0C: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰼ</br>[dʑ]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0D: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰽ</br>[k]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0E: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰾ</br>[ľ]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C0F: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⰿ</br>[m]'''</u></small>''
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C1x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C10: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱀ</br>[n]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C11: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱁ</br>[o]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C12: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱂ</br>[p]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C13: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱃ</br>[r]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C14: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱄ</br>[s]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C15: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱅ</br>[t]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C16: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱆ</br>[u]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C17: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱇ</br>[f]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C18: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱈ</br>[ch]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C19: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱉ</br>[ɔ]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1A: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱊ</br>[p]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1B: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱋ</br>[št]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1C: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱌ</br>[c]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1D: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱍ</br>[č]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1E: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱎ</br>[š]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C1F: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱏ</br><sup>*</sup>[ŭ]'''</u></small>''
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C2x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C20: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱐ</br><sup>*</sup>[ĭ]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C21: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱑ</br>[ja]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C22: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱒ</br>[ch]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C23: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱓ</br>[ju]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C24: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱔ</br>[ɛ̃]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C25: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱕ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C26: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱖ</br>[jo]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C27: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱗ</br>[jɛ̃]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C28: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱘ</br>[ɔ̃]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C29: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱙ</br>[jɔ̃]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C2A: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱚ</br>[θ]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C2B: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱛ</br>[y]'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C2C: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱜ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C2D: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱝ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C2E: GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE" | ''<small><u>'''Ⱞ'''</u></small>''
| title="Nepriradené" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" |
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C3x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C30: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU" | ''<small><u>'''ⰰ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C31: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY" | ''<small><u>'''ⰱ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C32: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰲ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C33: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI" | ''<small><u>'''ⰳ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C34: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO" | ''<small><u>'''ⰴ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C35: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU" | ''<small><u>'''ⰵ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C36: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰶ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C37: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO" | ''<small><u>'''ⰷ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C38: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA" | ''<small><u>'''ⰸ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C39: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰹ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3A: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰺ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3B: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I" | ''<small><u>'''ⰻ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3C: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI" | ''<small><u>'''ⰼ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3D: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO" | ''<small><u>'''ⰽ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3E: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰾ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C3F: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE" | ''<small><u>'''ⰿ'''</u></small>''
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C4x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C40: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱀ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C41: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱁ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C42: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱂ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C43: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱃ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C44: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO" | ''<small><u>'''ⱄ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C45: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO" | ''<small><u>'''ⱅ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C46: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱆ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C47: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱇ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C48: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱈ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C49: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱉ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4A: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE" | ''<small><u>'''ⱊ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4B: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA" | ''<small><u>'''ⱋ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4C: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱌ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4D: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱍ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4E: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA" | ''<small><u>'''ⱎ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C4F: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱏ'''</u></small>''
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | ''<small><u>'''U+2C5x'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C50: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱐ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C51: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI" | ''<small><u>'''ⱑ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C52: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA" | ''<small><u>'''ⱒ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C53: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU" | ''<small><u>'''ⱓ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C54: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS" | ''<small><u>'''ⱔ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C55: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL" | ''<small><u>'''ⱕ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C56: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO" | ''<small><u>'''ⱖ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C57: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS" | ''<small><u>'''ⱗ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C58: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS" | ''<small><u>'''ⱘ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C59: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS" | ''<small><u>'''ⱙ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C5A: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA" | ''<small><u>'''ⱚ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C5B: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA" | ''<small><u>'''ⱛ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C5C: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC" | ''<small><u>'''ⱜ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C5D: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A" | ''<small><u>'''ⱝ'''</u></small>''
| title="U+2C5E: GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE" | ''<small><u>'''ⱞ'''</u></small>''
| title="Nepriradené" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" |
|}
 
== ''<small><u>'''Referencie'''</u></small>'' ==
<references />
 
== ''<small><u>'''Pozri aj'''</u></small>'' ==
* ''<small><u>'''[[Cyrilika]]'''</u></small>''
* [[Hlaholské listy z Hlohovca|''<small><u>'''Hlaholské listy z Hlohovca'''</u></small>'']]
 
== ''<small><u>'''Literatúra'''</u></small>'' ==
* <small><u>'''''Fucic, Branko: ''Glagoljski natpisi''. (In: Djela Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, knjiga 57.) Zagreb, 1982. 420 p.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Fullerton, Sharon Golke: ''Paleographic Methods Used in Dating Cyrillic and Glagolitic Slavic Manuscripts''. (In: Slavic Papers No. 1.) Ohio, 1975. 93 p.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Gosev, Ivan: ''Rilszki glagolicseszki lisztove''. Szofia, 1956. 130 p.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Jachnow, Helmut: Eine neue Hypothese zur Provenienz der glagolitischen Schrift - Überlegungen zum 1100. Todesjahr des Methodios von Saloniki. In: R. Rathmayr (Hrsg.): ''Slavistische Linguistik 1985'', München 1986, 69-93.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Jagic, Vatroslav: ''Glagolitica. Würdigung neuentdeckter Fragmente'', Wien, 1890.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Kiparsky, Valentin: ''Tschernochvostoffs Theorie über den Ursprung des glagolitischen Alphabets'' In: M. Hellmann u.a. (Hrsg.): ''Cyrillo-Methodiana. Zur Frühgeschichte des Christentums bei den Slaven'', Köln 1964, 393-400.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Miklas, Heinz (Hrsg.): ''Glagolitica: zum Ursprung der slavischen Schriftkultur'', Wien, 2000.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Steller, Lea-Katharina: [http://fullextra.hu/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=782 ''A glagolita írás''] In: B.Virághalmy, Lea: ''Paleográfiai kalandozások''. Szentendre, 1995. ISBN 963-450-922-3'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Vais, Joseph: ''Abecedarivm Palaeoslovenicvm in usum glagolitarum''. Veglae, [Krk], 1917. XXXVI, 74 p.'''''</u></small>
* <small><u>'''''Vajs, Josef: ''Rukovet hlaholske paleografie. Uvedení do knizního písma hlaholskeho''. V Praze, 1932. 178 p, LIV. tab.'''''</u></small>
 
 
Zdroj: „https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlaholika“