Kalaština: Rozdiel medzi revíziami
Smazaný obsah Přidaný obsah
veľmi "vtipné", ale ja to opravovať nebudem |
i-cka boli speciale pre Bronta, aby sa nenudil a nerobil blbosti |
||
Riadok 1:
'''Kalaština''' alebo '''kalaša''' je [[indoeurópske jazyky|indoeurópsky jazyk]], patriaci do [[Dardské jazyky|dardskej vetvy]] [[indoiránske jazyky|indoiránskych jazykov]]. Kalašsky hovoria [[Kalaši]], obyvatelia v horských údoliach Bumboret, Birir a Rumbur, na západ od Ayun, asi 10 míľ od mesta [[Čitral]], v pohorí [[Hindukúš]] v [[Pakistan]]e. Kalaši na rozdiel od väčšiny obyvateľov Pakistanu je nie sú moslimovia, ale majú svoju vlastné pohanskú vieru. Predpokladá sa však, že časť Kalašov konvertovala na islam.
Až do konca 20. storočia nebola kalaština študovaná a popísaná. Kalašská abeceda bola vytvorená v roku 2003 za pomoci gréckej nevládnej organizácie a starších Kalašov. <ref>[http://kalasha.net/pages/the-kalasha-alphabet-book/orthography.php Konferencia o kalašskej ortografii 2000]</ref> Kalaština spolu so susednou khovárčinou zachováva staré indoárijské prvki. <ref> [[Georg Morgenstierne]]. Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages, Vol. IV: The Kalasha Language & Notes on Kalasha. Oslo 1973, p. 184, details pp. 195-237 </ref> <ref>[[Gérard Fussman]]: 1972 Atlas linguistique des parlers dardes et kafirs. Publications de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!anglicki!!kalašski!!staré indoárijské prvki!!novoindoárijské prvki
|-
|bone ||athi, aṭhí ||asthi || Hindi -; Nepali ā̃ṭh ‘the ribs'
|-
|urine ||mutra, mútra ||mūtra || H. mūt
|-
|village ||grom ||grama || H. gā̃u;Sanskrit gramam
|-
|rope ||rajuk, raĵhú-k ||rajju ||H. lej, lejur
|-
|smoke ||thum ||dhūma ||H. dhūā̃, dhuwā̃
|-
|meat ||mos ||maṃsa || H. mā̃s, mās, māsā
|-
|dog ||shua, śõ.'a ||śvan || H. -; Sinhal. suvan
|-
|ant ||pililak,pilílak ||pipīla, pippīlika || H. pipṛā
|-
|son ||put, putr ||putra ||H. pūt
|-
|long ||driga, dríga ||dīrgha || H. dīha
|-
|eight ||asht, aṣṭ ||aṣṭā || H. āṭh
|-
|broken ||china, čhína ||chinna || H. chīn-nā 'to snatch'; Telugu chinagatam
|-
|kill ||nash ||nash, naś, naśyati || H. nā̆s-nā ‘to be lost'
|} <ref> R.T.Trail and G.R. Cooper, Kalasha Dictionary - with English and Urdu. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Islamabad & Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas TX. 1999 </ref>
==Zdroje==
<references />
* Bashir, Elena L. (1988) ''Topics in Kalasha Syntax: An Areal and Typological Perspective''. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan.
* Cacopardo, Alberto M., and Augusto S. Cacopardo (2001) ''Gates of Peristan: History, Religion, and Society in the Hindu Kush''. Rome: Instituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente.
* Decker, Kendall D. (1992) Languages of Chitral http://www.ethnologue.com/show_work.asp?id=32850
* "Atlas Linguistique Des Parles Dardes Et Kafirs" by Gerard Fussman (two volumes). Maps showing distribution of words among people of Kafiristan.
* Heegård, Jan & Ida Elisabeth Mørch, 2004, "Retroflex vowels and other peculiarities in Kalasha sound system". In: Anju Saxena and Jadranka Gvozdanovic (eds.), Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Himalayan Linguistics, Selected Proceedings of the 7th Himalayan Languages Symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden. The Hague: Mouton.
* Jettmar, Karl (1985) Religions of the Hindu Kush ISBN 0-85668-163-6
* Kalasha. Retrieved July 19, 2006, from ''[[Ethnologue]]: Languages of the World'', fifteenth edition. SIL International. [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kls Online version].
* Morgenstierne, Georg (1926) Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan. [[Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture|Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning]], Serie C I-2. Oslo. ISBN 0-923891-09-9
* [[Georg Morgenstierne]]. Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages, Vol. IV: The Kalasha Language & Notes on Kalasha. Oslo1973
* The Kafirs of the Hindukush (1896) Sir George Scott Robertson.
* Strand, Richard F. (1973) "Notes on the Nûristânî and Dardic Languages." Journal of the American Oriental Society, 93.3: 297-305.
* Strand, Richard F. (2001) "The Tongues of Peristân," in ''Gates of Peristan: History, Religion and Society in the Hindu Kush'', by Alberto M. Cacopardo and Augusto S. Cacopardo, 251-259. Rome: Instituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente.
*Trail, Ronald L. and Gregory R. Cooper, compilers. ''Kalasha dictionary—with English and Urdu.'' Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan, 7 (1999). Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
{{Indoiránske jazyky}}
[[Kategória:Dardské jazyky]]
[[br:Kalacheg]]
[[en:Kalash language]]
[[fr:Kalasha]]
[[ru:Калашский язык]]
[[simple:Kalash language]]
[[ta:கலஷா மொழி]]
| |||