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"Pravý význam slova ''skepticizmus'' nemá nič spoločné s nedôverou, pochybnosťou alebo odmietaním. Skepticizmus je proces uplatňovania rozumu a kritického myslenia na určenie hodnovernosti. ''Je to spôsob ako nájsť podložený záver, nie jeho predpojaté odôvodnenie."'' ([[Brian Dunning]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skeptoid.com/skeptic.php|title=Skeptoid|work=skeptoid.com}}</ref>
WithPokiaľ regardide too theskeptické skepticalsociálne social movementhnutie, Loxton referssa toodvoláva otherna movementsďalšie alreadyhnutia, ktoré už predtým promotingpropagovali "humanism[[humanizmus]], atheism[[ateizmus]], rationalism[[Racionalizmus (filozofia)|racionalizmus]], sciencevedecké educationvzdelávanie anda evendokonca critical[[kritické thinkingmyslenie]]" beforehand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skeptic.com/downloads/Why-Is-There-a-Skeptical-Movement.pdf|title=Why Is There a Skeptical Movement?|last=Loxton|first=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Loxton|year=2013|page=31|access-date=18 August 2019|quote=If other movements already promoted humanism, atheism, rationalism, science education and even critical thinking, what possible need could there be for organizing an additional, new movement—a movement of people called 'skeptics'?}}</ref> HeVidel sawdopyt thepre demandnové forhnutie the— newhnutie movement—aľudí movement of people callednazývaných "skepticsskeptici" — aszaložený basedna onchýbaní azáujmu lackvedeckej ofkomunity interestvenovať bysa theparanormálnym scientifica communitypseudovedeckým to address paranormal and fringe-science claimstvrdeniam. InSpolu line withs [[Kendrick Frazier|Kendrickom Frazierom]], heopísal describestoto thehnutie movementako asnáhradníka aza surrogateinštitucionalizovanú invedu thatv areatejto for institutional scienceoblasti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skeptic.com/downloads/Why-Is-There-a-Skeptical-Movement.pdf|title=Why Is There a Skeptical Movement?|last=Loxton|first=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Loxton|year=2013|page=32|access-date=18 August 2019|quote=CSICOP—and with it the global network of likeminded organizations that CSICOP inspired, such as the JREF and the Skeptics Society—was created with the specific yet ambitious goal of filling a very large gap in scholarship. The skeptical movement sought to bring organized critical focus to the same ancient problem that isolated, outnumbered, independent voices had been struggling to address for centuries: a virtually endless number of unexamined, potentially harmful paranormal or pseudoscientific claims ignored or neglected by mainstream scientists and scholars. [...] '[...] We are in effect a surrogate in that area for institutional science.'}}</ref> TheHnutie movementustanovilo setosobitný upštudijný odbor a distinctposkytlo fieldorganizačnú of studyštruktúru, and provided an organizational structure, whilekeďže "thedlho long-standingexistujúcemu genrežánru ofindividuálnej individualskeptickej skepticalliterárnej writingtvorby" lackedchýbala suchtakáto komunita a community and backgroundzázemie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skeptic.com/downloads/Why-Is-There-a-Skeptical-Movement.pdf|title=Why Is There a Skeptical Movement?|last=Loxton|first=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Loxton|year=2013|page=29|access-date=18 August 2019|quote=The difference is between the long-standing genre of individual skeptical writing, and the recognition that this scholarship collectively comprised a distinct field of study.}}</ref> SkepticalSkeptické organizationsorganizácie typicallybežne tendzvyknú tomať havemedzi sciencesvojimi educationcieľmi andvedecké promotionvzdelanie amonga theirpropagáciu goalsvedy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vof.se/about|title=About the Swedish Skeptics Association|website=Vetenskap och Folkbildning|accessdate=14 November 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113025227/http://www.vof.se/about/|archivedate=13 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nycskeptics.org/about|title=About NYC Skeptics|website=NYC Skeptics|accessdate=14 November 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115143504/http://nycskeptics.org/about|archivedate=15 November 2017}}</ref>
== OverviewPrehľad ==
ScientificVedeckí skepticsskeptici maintaintvrdia, thatže empiricalempirický investigation ofvýskum [[Realita|reality]] leadsvedie tok thenajspoľahlivejším mostempirickým reliablepoznatkom, empiricala [[knowledge]],že andk thattomuto theúčelu sa najviac hodí [[scientificvedecká methodmetóda]] is best suited to this purpose.<ref name="NeurologicaNovella10Aug2015">{{cite web|last1=Novella|first1=Steven|title=Rethinking the Skeptical Movement|url=http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/rethinking-the-skeptical-movement/|website=Neurologica|accessdate=8 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412180401/http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/rethinking-the-skeptical-movement/|archivedate=12 April 2016|date=10 August 2015}}</ref> ScientificPokúšajú skepticssa attempthodnotiť totvrdenia na báze evaluateich [[HypothesisOveriteľnosť|claimsoveriteľnosti]] based on verifiability anda [[falsifiabilityFalzifikovateľnosť|falzifikovateľnosti]] anda discouragesú acceptingproti claimsakceptovaniu ontvrdení [[faith]]založených orna [[anecdotalViera evidence(náboženstvo)|viere]]. Skepticsči oftennepriamych focusalebo theirnepodložených criticismdôkazoch. onSkeptici claimsčasto theysmerujú considersvoju tokritiku bena implausibletvrdenia, dubiousktoré orpovažujú clearlyza contradictoryťažko touveriteľné, generallypochybné acceptedalebo science.zjavne Scientificv skepticsprotiklade doso notvšeobecne assertakceptovanou thatvedou. unusualVedeckí claimsskeptici shouldnetvrdia, beže automaticallyneobyčajné rejectedtvrdenia outby ofmali hand on ''[[A prioribyť andautomaticky a posteriori|a priori]]'' grounds—ratherodmietnuté they— argueskôr thatargumentujú, claimsže oftvrdenia paranormalo orparanormálnom anomalousalebo phenomenaanomálnom shouldúkaze beby criticallymali examinedbyť andkriticky thatpreskúmané extraordinarya claimsže wouldmimoriadne requiretvrdenia extraordinaryvyžadujú evidencevo insvoj theirprospech favormimoriadne beforedôkazy they couldpredtým, benež acceptedich asakceptujú havingako validityhodnoverné.<ref name="NeurologicaNovella10Aug2015" /> FromZ apohľadu scientific point of view,vedy theoriessú areteórie judgedposudzované onpodľa manymnohých criteriakritérií, suchako asje falsifiabilityfalzifikovateľnosť,<ref name="NeurologicaNovella10Aug2015" /> [[Occam'sOccamova Razorbritva]],<ref name="HowStuffWorksClark">{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Josh|title=How Occam's Razor Works|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/occams-razor3.htm|website=How Stuff Works|accessdate=8 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729093039/http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/occams-razor3.htm|archivedate=29 July 2016|date=2007-10-04}}</ref> [[Morgan'sMorganov Canonkánon]]<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan, C.L.|year=1903|title=An Introduction to Comparative Psychology|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174177|edition=2|publisher=W. Scott|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174177/page/n70 59]}}</ref>, andsila [[Powermetódy ofalebo apodľa method|explanatory power]]schopnosti, ass wellakou assa the degree to which theirjej [[PredictionPredpoveď|predictionspredpovede]] matchzhodujú s [[ExperimentPokus|experimentalexperimentálnymi]] resultsvýsledkami.<ref name="NeurologicaNovella10Aug2015" /> SkepticismSkepticizmus inby generalmal maybyť bevšeobecne deemedpovažovaný partza ofsúčasť thevedeckej [[scientific method]]metódy; fornapríklad instance anexperimentálny experimentalvýsledok resultnie isje notpovažovaný regardedza asvšeobecne establisheduznaný untilči itplatný, cankým benie shownje toviac bekrát repeatablenezávisle independentlyzopakovaný.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wudka|first=Jose|title=What is the scientific method?|year=1998|url=http://physics.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node6.html#SECTION02121000000000000000|accessdate=2007-05-27|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601225205/http://physics.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node6.html#SECTION02121000000000000000|archivedate=2007-06-01}}</ref>
Spektrum skeptikov možno rozdeliť na tzv. "mokrých" a "suchých", čo je rozdelenie primárne založené na úrovni stretov s tými, ktorí propagujú pseudovedecké tvrdenia. "Suchí" skeptici dávajú prednosť odhaleniu podstaty a výsmechu, dôvodom je snaha, aby príslušní "promotéri" nezískavali zbytočnú pozornosť a falošnú kredibilitu. "Mokrí" skeptici dávajú prednosť pomalšej a premyslenejšej angažovanosti s cieľom nepôsobiť nedbalo a neuvážene, a aby sa tak nezačali podobať skupinám, voči ktorým sú ako skeptici v opozícii.<ref name="Hammer" />
The skeptic spectrum has been characterized as divided into "wet" and "dry" sceptics, primarily based on the level of engagement with those promoting claims that appear to be pseudoscience; the dry skeptics preferring to debunk and ridicule, in order to avoid giving attention and thus credence to the promoters, and the "wet" skeptics, preferring slower and more considered engagement, in order to avoid appearing sloppy and ill-considered and thus similar to the groups all skeptics opposed.<ref name="Hammer" />{{rp|389}}
[[Ronald A. Lindsay|Ron Lindsay]] has argued that while some of the claims appear to be harmless or "soft targets," it is important to continue to address them and the underlying habits of thought that lead to them so that we do not "have a lot more people believing that 9/11 was an inside job, that climate change is a hoax, that our government is controlled by aliens, and so forth -- and those beliefs are far from harmless."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lindsay|first1=Ronald A.|authorlink1=Ronald A. Lindsay|title=Why Skepticism?: Sasquatch, Broken Windows, and Public Policy|journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]]|date=2017|volume=41|issue=2|pages=46–50|url=https://www.csicop.org/si/show/why_skepticism1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104151605/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/why_skepticism1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-11-04|accessdate=4 November 2018}}</ref>
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